Research notes

TEF Canada: current format and scoring (checked 4 Nov 2026)

Scope: TEF Canada as used for Express Entry, where all four épreuves are required. The test is run by Le français des affaires (LFA) of CCI Paris Île-de-France.

Source priority: (1) LFA's own 2024–2026 documents (centre handbooks, examiner handbook, evaluation grid, sample tests, candidate pages); (2) IRCC; (3) LFA's March 2016 candidate manual, used only to describe the old format; (4) the sample test from Hachette's training book, which LFA lists as its official book; (5) prep sites, used only where flagged.

Confidence labels: high means official and current. Medium means official but older or indirect, or several secondary sources that agree. Low means a single secondary source or my own inference.

0. Key points for the study plan

1. The format has not changed since 11 Dec 2023. The official 2025 and 2026 handbooks give the same table (2026 livret du responsable, 2025 livret du surveillant). High.
   • Reading (CE): 40 multiple-choice questions in 60 min.
   • Listening (CO): 40 multiple-choice questions in 40 min.
   • Writing (EE): 2 tasks in 60 min. Section A has 25 min and needs at least 80 words. Section B has 35 min and needs at least 200 words.
   • Speaking (EO): 2 role-plays in 15 min. Section A lasts 5 min and Section B lasts 10 min.
2. There is no negative marking. A correct answer scores 1 and a wrong or blank answer scores 0, so never leave a question blank (2025 livret du surveillant, TEF Canada results page). High.
3. Your raw count is not your score. The number of correct answers is converted into a calibrated score out of 699 that accounts for how hard each question is, and the conversion table is not published (results page). High.
4. IRCC uses a different column from the /699 score. For Express Entry, IRCC reads the "Équivalence ancien score" column of the certificate (IRCC, page modified 2026-10-16). High.
   • In that column, NCLC 7 means reading 207–232/300, listening 249–279/360, writing 310–348/450 and speaking 310–348/450.
   • The same certificate also prints the /699 score, the CEFR level and the NCLC level (sample certificate).
   • On the /699 scale, NCLC 7 is reading and listening 434–461, writing 428–471 and speaking 456–493 (LFA NCLC chart).
5. Estimated raw targets. This is my estimate, explained in §3.4. Low.
   • Roughly 27–28 correct out of 40 reaches 434 (the start of NCLC 7).
   • Roughly 30–31 out of 40 reaches 461 (the top of NCLC 7).
   • Aim for at least 31/40 on official-format mock tests to leave a margin.
6. A B2 result does not guarantee NCLC 7. B2 covers 400–499, but NCLC 7 starts at 434 in reading and listening, 428 in writing and 456 in speaking. LFA's own sample certificate shows writing at 415, labelled B2 but only NCLC 6 (sample certificate). High. Speaking needs a solid middle-to-upper B2.
7. How writing and speaking are marked. Two raters mark each one on CEFR-level grids (below A1 up to C2), one grid line per criterion. The marks are then converted to a /699 score. The speaking grid is official and is summarised in §4.2. High.
8. The tasks are very predictable. The four writing and four speaking task types are identical from 2016 to 2026. LFA's sample writing prompts are word-for-word the same in its 2016 manual and its 2024 sample file. Templates for each task give a high return on study time. High.
9. You cannot resit just one skill for IRCC purposes. High.
   • A TEF Canada registration for immigration must cover all four épreuves in the same session (conditions page).
   • You must wait at least 20 days before sitting the same épreuve again (2026 livret).
   • Results take about 2 weeks (TEF Canada page), or 2–3 weeks after the session goes into marking according to the 2026 handbook.
   • Certificates are valid for 2 years (presentation page).

1. Changes from 2019 to 2026

2. Format, part by part

2.1 Listening (compréhension orale, CO): 40 questions, 40 minutes, on computer

How the test runs:

• 40 multiple-choice questions on 46 screens, with 4 options each (exam-day page).
• Audio starts automatically and each clip is played once (official CO sample, CO prep page, 11 Dec 2023).
• You cannot return to an earlier activity. Within one activity that has several questions on the same audio, you can move between those questions (2025 livret du surveillant).
• High confidence for all of the above.

Where these numbers come from:

• The official 2024 sample gives four blocks (1–4, 5–20, 21–30, 31–40) and the timings for each item type (CO sample). High.
• Hachette's 2023 sample test (from the official training book) gives the exact split 5–8, 9–14, 15–20, 21–22, 23–28, 29–30 (Hachette test blanc). Medium-high.
• LFA's Dec 2023 prep page lists 4 + 4 + 6 + 2 + 6 + 1 + 10, which is only 33 because it leaves out the 6 voicemail items and counts the report as 1 (CO prep page). Both samples give the report 2 questions. My reconciliation of the three sources gives exactly 40. Medium.

The old format (before 11 Dec 2023) had 60 questions: 8 image matching, 26 short messages, 16 long messages and 10 sound discrimination, and some clips were played twice (2016 manual).

2.2 Reading (compréhension écrite, CE): 40 questions, 60 minutes, on computer

How the test runs:

• 40 multiple-choice questions on 51 screens, with 4 options each.
• You can move freely between questions. The "finish" button only appears after you have seen every question, and the test submits itself when time runs out (exam-day page, 2025 livret du surveillant).
• High confidence.

Sources:

• The official 2024 sample groups the items as 1–7, 8–17 (6 sentences + 2 texts), 18–22 (4 sets + 1 set of graphs), 23–32 and 33–40 (CE sample). High.
• Hachette's 2023 sample test uses exactly the same boundaries, with labelled sub-blocks 8–13, 14–17, 18–21 and 22 (Hachette test blanc). So 2 of 2 sources agree.

The old format had 50 questions, including reordering jumbled texts and reformulating sentences (2016 manual).

2.3 Writing (expression écrite, EE): 60 minutes, typed on computer

How the test runs (2025 livret du surveillant, EE sample, exam-day page); high confidence:

• Both sections are typed in LFA's own writing software (Paragraphe) inside a locked browser.
• Each section has its own time limit: Section A 25 min (at least 80 words), then Section B 35 min (at least 200 words).
• If you click "Terminer" on Section A early, you cannot go back to it.
• Scratch paper is allowed for writing only, on request, and is collected at the end.
• An on-screen keyboard is available for accented letters.
• A paper version exists only for candidates with proven difficulty using computers, and only with LFA's approval.
• Only minimum word counts are published. I found no official maximum.

Section A (the "fait divers" task; it tests your ability to pass on information):

• You get the first lines of a short news story and must finish the article in at least 80 words, using several paragraphs.
• Official example openings (paraphrased): 20 couples climb a Peruvian volcano to marry at record altitude; a zookeeper finds the lion's cage empty and hears screams; a Montreal resident digging to plant a tree finds something pleasant; an 80-year-old woman catches two men stealing her car and decides to teach them a lesson.
• LFA's advice: do not copy or summarise the opening, add new facts, and use the title for ideas (LFA Section A page, 30 Jun 2020).

Section B (the "lettre" task; it tests your ability to give and justify an opinion):

• You get a statement quoted from a newspaper. Write to the newspaper saying what you think, in at least 200 words, with at least 3 arguments.
• Official example statements (paraphrased): TV advertising should be banned; culture should be free; social networks are a constant danger for children; package tours stop you really discovering a country.
• LFA's advice (LFA Section B page, 23 Jun 2020):
  • A formal letter layout is not required and earns no points.
  • Open with one sentence.
  • Avoid long generic introductions and conclusions, because markers do not count them.
  • Develop each argument with details and examples.

The same 4 Section A openings and 4 Section B statements appear unchanged in the 2016 manual (2016 manual) and the 2024 sample: 8 of 8 prompts are identical, 8 years apart.

2.4 Speaking (expression orale, EO): 15 minutes face to face

How the test runs (2024 examiner handbook, EO sample, EO prep page):

• One examiner, one candidate. The session is recorded on a tablet (LFA's Passeport app). High.
• Before each section there is about 1 minute that is not recorded. The examiner hands you the prompt and checks that you understand the task. If needed, the examiner can explain the instructions in French or even in your mother tongue, but can only rephrase the document itself in French.
  • The 2016 manual calls this minute subject discovery (2016 manual). There is no other preparation time.
  • Medium-high.
• No notes or scratch paper are allowed in speaking (exam-day page). High.
• The whole speaking slot takes about 20 minutes: 1 + 1 + 5 + 1 + 10 minutes plus wrap-up (examiner handbook, Annexe 1).

Section A (5 min; a formal role-play by phone; "obtenir des renseignements", getting information)

• The prompt is an everyday ad (job, service, leisure activity, housing). You call to find out more and should ask about 10 questions. The examiner plays the advertiser.
• What the examiner is trained to do (examiner handbook):
  • First give only partial answers, such as "it depends, we have several packages", so you have to ask follow-up questions.
  • Avoid asking you questions, because the task is for you to ask.
  • Add surprises, such as extra insurance, payment options or a current promotion, to test how you react.
  • End the call at 5 minutes.
• The examiner marks Section A on three things: how relevant your questions are, whether you take the initiative and handle the unexpected, and the quality of the exchange.

Section B (10 min; an informal role-play with a friend; "argumenter pour convaincre", arguing to persuade)

• The prompt is another everyday ad. You present it to a friend (the examiner) and try to persuade them to take part.
• What the examiner is trained to do:
  • Play a friend who will not agree and raises counter-arguments.
  • Steer you back if you forget to present the document.
  • Push you to develop and vary your arguments, because candidates often repeat the same one.
  • Avoid questions that invite storytelling instead of argument.
  • End at 10 minutes.
• The examiner marks Section B on three things: how you present the facts, the quality of your arguments, and the quality of the exchange.

Official example ads (paraphrased):

• Section A: live-in help for an elderly lady; guided hiking trips of 3–5 days; extras for a musical, paid in gifts; furniture for sale because the owner is moving abroad.
• Section B: an 8-day bus tour of Quebec, for a friend looking for holiday ideas; a home-tutoring job, for a friend who needs work; volunteering with a befriending association, for a friend with free time; online language courses, for a friend who wants to learn a language.

Two Section A and two Section B examples in the 2016 manual are identical to the 2024 file.

2.5 Test-day rules that affect strategy

• You must sit all four tests on the same day for Canadian authorities to accept the certificate (presentation page). High.
• The centre decides which test you start with (2025 livret du surveillant). Reading, listening and writing are taken on one computer, and speaking is taken separately. High.
• You cannot leave the room during the computer tests, and no dictionary is allowed (exam-day page). High.
• Testing is in person only. LFA's exam-day page describes only in-centre testing, and I found no official mention of a remote option. Medium.

3. How reading and listening are scored

3.1 Raw marking and negative marking

• Every question has one correct answer. Correct = +1, no answer = 0, wrong answer = 0 (2025 livret du surveillant, 2026 livret, CO prep page). Hachette's sample test prints the same rule. There is no negative marking. High.
• An Alliance Française FAQ dates the end of negative marking to 29 Feb 2016 (AF Chandigarh). Medium.

3.2 Are questions weighted?

• Yes, but only indirectly. LFA states that the raw total is not the final score: it is converted into a calibrated score that takes into account how difficult the questions are (results page).
• The handbooks say the questions vary in difficulty (2025 livret du surveillant).
• The weights and the conversion table are not published. High.
• In practice, two candidates with the same raw count can get different scores on different test versions.

3.3 Score scales

CEFR bands on the /699 scale (LFA TEF–CEFR chart), high:

• 0–99: below A1
• 100–199: A1
• 200–299: A2
• 300–399: B1
• 400–499: B2
• 500–599: C1
• 600–699: C2

NCLC bands on the /699 scale, for tests from 11 Dec 2023 (LFA NCLC chart), high:

IRCC's old-score column, which is what you enter in Express Entry (IRCC), high. IRCC says the /699 values are not compatible with its system.

How the two columns relate (my calculation from the sample certificate and the band tables; medium):

• The old score appears to be a straight-line conversion within each NCLC band.
• Example: reading 459/699 lies inside 434–461, which converts to 207–232. Scaling gives 230/300, which is exactly what the certificate prints.
• Example: listening 484/699 lies inside 462–502, which converts to 280–297. Scaling gives 289/360, again what the certificate prints.

Warning: at least one prep site gives wrong NCLC 7 thresholds. tefcanadaonline.com lists 316+ for listening, 263+ for reading and 393+ for writing and speaking, but those are the NCLC 10 values on the old scale (tefcanadaonline). Use only the LFA and IRCC tables.

3.4 How many correct answers reach 434, and the top of NCLC 7 (461)?

There is no official answer. LFA does not publish the raw-to-score table, and the conversion varies with question difficulty (results page). High.

What I found elsewhere:

• I ran 8 targeted searches in English and French and read 8 prep and score-chart pages: focusframefrench, frenchforpr, languagenext, Learn French With Alexa, horizonfranco, teftoronto, tefcanadaonline and frenchtestsimulator.
• None of them (0 of 8) gives a correct-answer count. Several say outright that a practice-test percentage cannot predict the official score.
• I found no candidate reports pairing a raw count with an official result. Reddit search returned nothing, and the shared web-search budget then ran out.
• IRCC's account of the Dec 2023 – May 2024 episode shows that raw-based and calibrated levels differed enough to change some candidates' NCLC (IRCC).

Planning estimate (low confidence; my own calculation):

1. Proportion of the old scale. The old maxima were 6 points × number of questions (RS319).
   • Listening: NCLC 7 starts at 249/360, which is 69.2%, or about 27.7 out of 40. The top of the band, 279/360, is 77.5%, or about 31 out of 40.
   • Reading: NCLC 7 starts at 207/300, which is 69.0%, or about 27.6 out of 40. The top, 232/300, is 77.3%, or about 30.9 out of 40.
   • NCLC 8 starts at about 31–32 out of 40.
2. Check against the difficulty of each block. Suppose a low-B2 candidate gets nearly all A1–B1 items right and about half of the B2–C1 items. Using the block sizes in §2, that comes to about 27 out of 40 in either test.
3. What this means for practice. About 27–28/40 should be enough for 434 and about 30–31/40 for 461. A harder test version would need fewer correct answers and an easier one more. Aim for at least 31/40 on official-format mocks to have a margin.

4. How writing and speaking are scored

4.1 Who marks, and how

Who marks:

• Writing: two independent markers at LFA, who are language-teaching specialists (EE sample, 2025 livret du surveillant).
• Speaking: the examiner in the room, then an LFA marker who listens to the recording and makes the final assessment (2024 examiner handbook, results page). High.

How:

• Markers use a standard grid. For each criterion they choose a CEFR level and then refine it within that level.
• They mark positively, crediting what you can do (2026 livret, Annexe 1).
• On the speaking grid, the below-A1 and A1 columns have one tick box each per criterion, and every level from A2 to C2 has two boxes, roughly a low and a high half of the level (2025 grid; I counted the boxes in the file).
• All the criteria are then combined into one calibrated /699 score (results page).
• The relative weight of Section A and Section B, and the formula that turns the grid into a score, are not published.

4.2 Speaking criteria (official grid, paraphrased)

The grid has 4 rows per section: the communicative criterion for that section (A: getting information; B: presenting and debating), then syntax, vocabulary, and fluency and pronunciation (2025 grid, 2024 examiner handbook, Annexes 5a and 6a). High.

What markers look for under each row (Annexe 6a):

• Section A: collecting relevant information, getting answers clarified or expanded, respecting the situation and taking turns.
• Section B: presenting the situation in your own words and putting it in context, developing ideas with examples, secondary arguments and details, respecting turn-taking.
• Syntax: using spoken language in everyday situations, rephrasing and clarifying when needed, adapting to the other person.
• Vocabulary: range and control.
• Fluency: pronunciation and intelligibility, intonation, and how easily and spontaneously you speak.

The A2 column, for comparison: simple, very general questions; short exchanges; set phrases with systematic errors; frequent pauses and false starts.

4.3 Writing criteria (official)

• Section A has 4 criteria (LFA Section A page). High.
  1. Relevance of the information you give.
  2. Quality of the information.
  3. Internal coherence, cohesion of text and sentences, and quality of sentences and vocabulary, all marked together.
  4. Spelling and punctuation.
• Section B has 6 criteria (LFA Section B page). High.
  1. Relevance of the information.
  2. Quality of the arguments.
  3. Internal coherence.
  4. Cohesion of text and sentences.
  5. Quality of sentences and vocabulary.
  6. Spelling and punctuation.
• The 2024 sample file describes the same things in two groups (EE sample):
  • How well the text works: does it fit the situation, is it well organised, is the information or argument clear, does it develop, nuance and specify ideas.
  • How rich and accurate the French is: vocabulary, syntax (sentences, tenses, moods) and spelling.
• LFA does not publish level descriptors (B1/B2/C1) for writing. The only public descriptor is the one printed for B2 on the certificate: a clear text on topics of general interest in which facts and ideas follow logically (sample certificate).
• Prep sites disagree on how many writing criteria there are. francaisprep gives 4 for A and 6 for B, matching LFA. open-exam-prep gives 4 for each section. Follow LFA's pages.

4.4 What separates NCLC 6, 7 and 8 in writing and speaking

The bands come from the LFA NCLC and CEFR charts (high). How they line up with the grid's sub-levels is my inference (low-medium), because the grid-to-score formula is not published.

What this means in practice:

• Speaking, NCLC 6 to 7. A B2 that is just barely B2 (lower box) will usually land in NCLC 6. NCLC 7 needs B2 in its upper half on most of the 8 grid rows (4 per section).
  • Section A: suitable, varied questions; confident handling of the examiner's partial answers and surprises; an exchange that keeps going.
  • Section B: a clear, detailed presentation of the ad; arguments backed by examples; holding your position against the friend's objections.
  • Syntax: common complex sentences used correctly, for example with relative pronouns, parce que / même si, and the subjunctive after il faut que.
  • Pace and pronunciation: steady and easy to follow.
• Speaking, NCLC 8. You start getting C1 boxes: complete and precise questions, a varied and well-structured set of arguments, and rare errors.
• Writing, NCLC 6 to 7. You need a clear B2 in both texts: relevant new information in A; at least 3 developed and illustrated arguments in B; text that hangs together with good connectors; mostly correct common complex sentences; spelling and punctuation under control.
  • Writing's NCLC 7 floor (428) is lower within the B2 band than speaking's (456).
  • The sample certificate shows writing at 415, which is B2 but still NCLC 6. A borderline B2 is not enough.
• Writing, NCLC 8. Upper B2 to early C1: arguments with nuance and secondary points, varied structures, rare errors. I am inferring this from the criteria and CEFR descriptors because no official writing descriptors exist.

5. Official sample tests: where they are and what they contain

All of these are linked from LFA's TEF Canada preparation page. LFA notes that the samples are not full tests and do not reflect the real difficulty. High.

6. What repeats in the format, and where study time pays off

Item counts are per test version, from the block structure in §2. They were seen in 3 of 3 listening sources and 2 of 2 reading sources. Writing and speaking task types are the same in every official source from 2016 to 2026 (6 sources).

6b. Topics and grammar that appear in the official samples

Topic counts are approximate. They count documents and prompts across 6 files: LFA's reading, listening, writing and speaking samples, plus the reading and listening parts of the Hachette practice test. This only shows how the samples are weighted. Recurring topics in live exams have to come from candidate-reported prompt banks, which this report does not cover. Low–medium.

Grammar each task needs, most urgent first:

1. Asking questions: est-ce que, inversion, quel / combien / quand / comment, polite pourriez-vous. Needed for speaking A, about 10 questions in 5 minutes.
2. Opinion and argument structures plus connectors: à mon avis, d'abord, de plus, cependant, donc, même si. Needed for writing B and speaking B.
3. Passé composé versus imparfait (plus the plus-que-parfait) for narration. Needed for writing A.
4. Subjunctive after il faut que / bien que / pour que / je ne pense pas que. These are the "complex sentences" the B2 grid rewards in writing B and speaking B.
5. Conditional for politeness and hypotheses (si + imparfait). Needed for speaking A and B.
6. Relative pronouns qui / que / où / dont, which also count as B2 syntax.
7. Switching between tu and vous: speaking A is formal, speaking B is informal. Imperative and suggestion forms for persuading (viens, ça te dirait de...).
8. Object pronouns le / lui / y / en, prepositions and common word combinations, which the reading gap-fills (Q8–17) test.
9. Numbers, times, prices and dates, which come up in listening announcements and voicemails and when asking questions in speaking A.

7. Retakes, results and validity (the "if I fail one skill" question)

• For immigration, a TEF Canada registration must cover reading, listening, writing and speaking in the same session (conditions page). All four must be taken on the same day for Canada to accept them (presentation page). High.
• The 2016 manual said the same: if one score is not good enough, you resit everything (2016 manual). Medium.
• TEF Canada therefore does not let you resit just the skill you failed for IRCC purposes.
• You must wait at least 20 days before sitting the same épreuve again (all TEF versions count), or the registration is cancelled (2026 livret, conditions page). High.
• Results: about 2 weeks (TEF Canada page), or 2–3 weeks after the session goes into marking (2026 livret). Certificates are digital and sent by email. High. Alliance Française Chandigarh says 1–10 days (AF Chandigarh). Low.
• Validity: 2 years from the date the certificate is issued (presentation page). High.
• Appeals: you cannot ask for a re-mark. A free resit is offered only when a serious technical fault is confirmed, and you must ask within 30 days (results page). High.

8. Conflicts and open questions

1. Are any listening clips played twice? Unresolved.
   • Official 2024 sample, LFA's Dec 2023 prep page and the exam-day page: each clip is played once.
   • The FAQ in the 2025 supervisor handbook says some questions may have two plays, as stated in their instructions, and that some clips start after 20 seconds. This may be text left over from the old format.
   • A prep blog claims a Sept 2025 update that added two plays for some interviews and cut vox-pop options from 4 to 3 (tcftefprep). I found no LFA source for it, and the site it cites (tefcanada.ca) did not resolve.
   • Prepare for one play. Treat a second play as a bonus.
2. No raw-to-score table for reading and listening. The estimates in §3.4 are my own.
3. How Section A and Section B are weighted in writing and speaking, and how grid boxes become a /699 score: not published.
4. No official writing level descriptors (B1/B2/C1) are public. Only the criteria names and the B2 line on the certificate exist.
5. Writing time: I could not confirm whether time you don't use in Section A carries over to Section B. The official wording only says each section has its own limit.
6. Writing length: there is no official maximum and no official penalty for writing too little. One prep site claims an automatic penalty below the minimum, but it is unsupported (open-exam-prep).
7. Typing conditions: the keyboard layout (AZERTY or QWERTY) depends on the centre, and no spell-checker is mentioned in any source.
8. Small differences between versions: the exact block split in listening (for example 4 announcements + 6 voicemails) comes from Hachette's sample. LFA's sample only gives the combined block 5–20.

9. Method notes

• WebFetch automatically cached the PDFs it fetched in this session's tool-results folder. I read them where they were, extracting text and running OCR in memory for the image-based grids. The only file I wrote is this report.
• One attempt to open a PDF in the browser pane brought up a "save file" dialog. Nothing was saved, and the dialog can be dismissed.
• The shared web-search limit (200 per turn) ran out near the end. Candidate-reported data (Reddit and forums) about raw counts versus results could not be searched further.

Sources (all read for this report)

LFA handbooks and grids

• 2026 Livret du responsable TEF: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/2026-livret-du-responsable-tef.pdf
• 2025 Livret du surveillant TEF: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/2025-livret-du-surveillanttef.pdf
• 2024 Livret de l'examinateur (EO): https://lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/2024-livret-de-examinateur-tef-eo.pdf
• 2025 EO grid: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/2025-tef-grilleeo-confidentiel.pdf

LFA sample tests and certificate

• CE sample: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/tef-exemples-epreuves-ce.pdf
• CO sample: https://lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/tef-exemples-epreuves-co.pdf
• EE sample: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/tef-exemples-epreuve-ee.pdf
• EO sample: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/tef-exemples-epreuve-eo.pdf
• Sample TEF Canada certificate: https://lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/exemple-attestation-tefcanada.pdf

LFA score charts

• NCLC chart: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/correspondance-tef-nclc.pdf
• CEFR chart: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/correspondance-tef-cecr.pdf
• CEFR interpretation grid: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/interpretation-grid-cefr-tef.pdf

LFA web pages

• TEF Canada pages: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/en/candidate/test-evaluation-francais/tef-canada/ (and the presentation/, examination/, preparation/ and results/ subpages)
• Conditions d'inscription et de passation: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/candidat/conditions-dinscription-et-de-passation/
• CO prep page (11 Dec 2023): https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/en/prepare-yourself-for-the-oral-comprehension-test-of-the-tef/
• EO prep page (1 Apr 2021): https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/en/prepare-yourself-for-the-oral-expression-test-of-the-tef/
• EE Section A page: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/le-fait-divers-preparer-la-section-a-de-lexpression-ecrite-du-tef/
• EE Section B page: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/largumentation-preparer-la-section-b-de-lexpression-ecrite-du-tef/
• News list: https://www.lefrancaisdesaffaires.fr/en/category/news

Government

• IRCC Express Entry language testing: https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/immigrate-canada/express-entry/documents/language-requirements/language-testing.htm
• France Compétences RS319 (old format): https://www.francecompetences.fr/recherche/rs/319/

Older official manual and official book

• e-TEF Canada candidate manual, March 2016: https://ualberta.ca/fr/campus-saint-jean/media-library/programmes/edl/qmmanuele-tefcanadamars-20160-1.pdf
• Hachette TEF practice test: https://tef.hachettefle.fr/ressources/tef-pdf/TEF_test_blanc.pdf

Secondary sources

• Learn French With Alexa (format changes): https://learnfrenchwithalexa.com/important-information-regarding-changes-to-the-tef
• AF Chandigarh: https://chandigarh.afindia.org/tef-canada/
• immigrationnewscanada: https://immigrationnewscanada.ca/new-canada-immigration-french-test-change/
• digiSchool: https://www.digischool.fr/articles/fle/tef-format-epreuves-deroule/
• tcftefprep: https://www.tcftefprep.com/blog/tef-canada-exam-format-changes-2026
• francaisprep: https://francaisprep.com/tef-canada/expression-ecrite
• open-exam-prep: https://open-exam-prep.com/study-guides/tef-canada/written-expression/writing-overview
• tefcanadaonline (example of wrong thresholds): https://tefcanadaonline.com/tef-canada-bareme-de-notation-2025-par-competence/
• Score-chart pages that give no raw counts: focusframefrench, frenchforpr, languagenext, Learn French With Alexa (scores), horizonfranco, teftoronto, tefcanadaonline, frenchtestsimulator (URLs in §3.4)